1.
Qira’at is used in Indonesia
As we know, that the Qur'an was revealed
in 7 different qira’at to read it.
This lot is
written in authentic hadith, one hadith is:
"That book is derived, in fact the
Qur'an was revealed over seven letters, it is
an easy read from
it ".
In the book ‘Ijazul-Qir'aat al-Qur'aniah,
explained, that the
readings are outstanding when it reaches 50 qira’at. After comparing all the
manuscripts are numbered tens, Ibn Mujhid then choose
seven variant readings of the famous
Qurra
(Qur’an Reader), is Nafi’ (Medina), Ibn Kathir (Mecca), Ibn ‘Amir (Sham), Abu ‘Amr (Basra), ‘Asim, Hamzah, and al-Kisa’i (all three of Kufa). Selection of seven this qurra people
Ibn Mujahid in a way to benchmarking and research,
so that the selection
will appear. Ibn Mujhid decision just choose
any seven variant
readings, according to Moqshit Ghazali, apparently inspired
by the traditions of the Prophet that many
outstanding when it is, the
Qur’ran was revealed in seven letters. Implicitly, Ibn Mujahid might want to
assert that is seven
letters in the
hadith is seven variant readings chosen. In qira’at disciplines, This is seven readings are considered to have the quality narration that is valid
and reliable. Besides seven, there is other
qira’at grouping, namely qira’at ten (al-qira'at al-Asyr), qira’at
fourteen (al-qira'at al-arbaah Asyr), even up to tens
qira’at.
In the history
of Islamic civilization. However, as time went on, preservation in the form of reading
in seven qira’at
is uneven and covers the whole
priest who has
been standardized in form of writing. Of the seven priests were there, only four priests of qira’at only which practiced
by Muslims. Fourth the Imam This is Imam
Nafi’, Abu Amr Imam, Imam Ibn ‘Amir, and Imam ‘Ashim (with narrators
respectively). And from four the priest is, only one priest reading at most and even dominate the entire reading
of Muslims in the
world, namely qira’at ‘Ashim. This Qira’at was only concentrated on Hafs history alone, while Syubah not. Qira’at Imam ‘Ashim
from Hafs history become so dominant
and most widely
used in practice recitation of the Qur’an
by the world community Islam. And
it’s so popular and dominate almost the majority Muslim community in the world,
including Indonesia.
No.
|
Imam
|
Narrator
|
Place
|
1
|
Nafi'
|
Warasy
|
Algeria, Morroco, Tunisia, Libya, Sudah and West
Africa
|
Qalun
|
Libya, Tunisia, and partially of Qatar
|
||
2
|
Abu 'Amr
|
Ad-Duri
|
Sudan and West Africa
|
As-Susi
|
-
|
||
3
|
Ibnu
'Amir
|
Hisyam
|
Partially of Yemen
|
Ibnu
Zakwan
|
Partially of Yemen
|
||
4
|
‘Asim
|
Hafs
|
Muslim community in the world,
including Indonesia
|
Syu'bah
|
-
|
||
5
|
Ibnu
Katsir
|
Al-Bazzi
|
-
|
Qunbul
|
-
|
||
6
|
Al-Kisai
|
Abul
Haris
|
-
|
Ad-Duri
|
-
|
||
7
|
Hamzah
|
Khalaf
|
-
|
Khalad
|
-
|
Through ancient manuscripts scattered in
almost all of Indonesia. From there it looks, that is widely used qira’at ‘Asim from Hafs, although there
is also another qira’at,
qira’at Qalun an Nafi. However, most of the writing ancient manuscripts in
the archipelago makes qira’at ‘Asim from Hafs history as the main qira’at. The spread can
also be observed through the deployment sanad owned
by five scholars
Al- Qur’an in Indonesia,
all of which refer to qira’at ‘Asim from Hafs history. Al-Qur’an print version circulating in the years early in Indonesia
helped strengthen the existing trail, that used qira’at Imam ‘Asim from
Hafs history.
2.
Methods of Studying the Qur’an in Indonesia
Learning the Qur’an in Indonesia is not
only taught in
religious schools. However, the mosque is also a place that used to learn and teach the Qur’an. Mosques in
Indonesia must have a teaching institution the Qur’an. The institute is not like school institutions,
but institutions run
by the youth in
the neighborhood mosque. We call
it Taman Pendidikan Al Quran (TPA) or the Qur’an Education Place. Usually here
who learn the
Qur’an were children. Thus,
the Qur’an education is very efficient because
it started early. This
institution is weekly, week 3 times or 4 times. And is usually in the afternoon, because in the morning the
children off to school. In addition to teaching and learning the Qur’an, in this place of religious learning, such as interpretation (Tafsir), Fikh, Hadith etc. Learning there is actually no age limits,
and to be a teacher here also there is no such thing as a salary. Usually they
willingly (ikhlas) teach the Qur’an. They use Iqro' book. That it is a way of reading the Qur’an
ranging from basic hijaiyah letter to pieces Quranic verses. And this book is
very efficient and easy. So usually Indonesian people can read the Qur’an
fluently. Because at the child they usually have instituted this study. And our
madhab is Syafi’i.
Sources :
-
http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Taman_Pendidikan_Al-Qur%27an
-
The
Journal of Lajnah Quran Indonesia, Pembakuan Qira’at ‘Asim riwayat Hafs
by Mustafa. Written in bahasa indonesia.
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